Speakingの難問であるTask 4の練習をしてみました。
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Test 1
According to the reading, plants in rainforests make adaptations to limited sun light and excessive amount of water. The professor discusses two examples of adaptations of urn plants.
First, he describes that urn plants have ring-shaped leaves with holes in the center. This allows plants to store water for a long time. Also, water directly goes to the root to protect branches and leaves.
Second, he describes that urn plants have dark-color leaves in spiral form to gather sun light as much as possible for photosynthesis.
These examples demonstrate adaptation of urn plants in rainforests. (45 seconds)
Test 2
According to the reading, exaptation is a feature of an animal that provides unintended functions. The professor discusses an example of herons.
First, he describes herons have wings to fly as the original function.
Second, he describes that herons use long wings to block the sun light to be able to see fish in water and catch them easily.
The use of wings in this unintended purpose of catching fish is a good example of exaptation.
Thanks for listening and your patience. Hope you have a great day. (42 seconds)
Test 3
According to the reading, optimal foraging is a way an animal maximizes a food source while minimizing consumed energy. The professor describes an example of Northwestern crows dropping welks.
First, he describes that a crow lifts a welk into air and drop it to break the shell and eats the meat.
Second, he describes that the bird calculates an optimum height just enough to break the shell with a minimum energy consumption. If the bird flies too high, it wastes too much energy, while if the bird flies too low, the shell will not break.
This example demonstrates how a northwestern crow utilizes a minimum foraging technique.
Thanks for listening and your patience. Hope you have a great day. (50 seconds)
Test 4
According to the reading, mental accounting is how people encode, categorize and evaluate economic outcomes. The professor describes her own experience to explain this.
She had two jobs, an office job on weekdays and a waitress job on weekends. She saved the income from the office job in a saving account for buying a house, while she spent money from the waitress job without any constraints.
She managed two income sources separately. However, if she had saved the salary from the waitress job, she could have bought a house earlier.
This example demonstrates mental accounting.
Thanks for listening and your patience. Hope you have a great day. (45 seconds)
